In the world of Fullmetal Alchemist, State Alchemists are alchemists employed by the State Military. State Alchemist are identified by their Fuhrer-issued silver pocket watches and unique title assigned upon becoming a State Alchemist. Their title reflects the alchemy ability or some notable trait of the holder. State Alchemists serve two prominet roles in Amestris: They are a driving force behind alchemic research and development, and they are expected to apply their unique alchemic abilities against enemies of the state in a time a war should they be mobilized to participate in such a war. The official motto for the State Alchemists is "Alchemist be thou for the people".

Since most practitioners believe that Alchemy should be used for the sake of common people, not for personal or institutional gain, alchemists who enlist themselves to be State Alchemist are often disgraced as "military dogs". This has only gotten worse by the fact that alchemists who work for the State often gain more privileges than other citizens, like big funds, military power, etc., while they ostensibly contribute little to society. The use of State Alchemists, especially during the Ishval Massacre, only serves to further sully their reputation.